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Glevum (or, more formally, Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or occasionally Glouvia) was originally a Roman fort in Roman Britain that became a "colonia" of retired legionaries in AD 97. Today, it is known as Gloucester, in the England county of Gloucestershire. The name Glevum is taken by many present-day businesses in the area and also by the 26-mile Glevum Way, Glevum Way Summary - the Long Distance Walkers Association a long-distance footpath or recreational walk encircling modern Gloucester. [2]
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The based here were probably the Legio XX Valeria Victrix until 66 and then Legio II AugustaG Webster, Rome against Caractacus, p 45, for their invasion of Roman Wales between 66 and 74 AD. The colonia of Glevum
Between AD 81 and 98, larger replacement walls were built on slightly higher ground nearby, centred on present-day Gloucester Cross which was probably part of the change from a military fort to a walled colonia after the Legio II Augusta had been transferred to Caerleon. The civilian settlement also grew outside the walls.New discoveries along the line of Gloucester'
The city was built within the legionary fortress and used the same rectilinear street plan and ramparts.J. Wacher, The Towns of Roman Britain, p 137- A large and impressive administrative basilica and forum market-place were built in the town, as well as many fine homes with mosaic floors.
The Roman wharf where goods were shipped via an inlet from the River Severn has been excavated at Upper Quay Street and which dendrochronological dating has shown was built from 74 AD.Two thousand years of development in Gloucester'
At its height, Glevum may have had a population of as many as 10,000 people.
The entire area around Glevum was intensely Romanised in the second and third centuries, with a higher than normal distribution of villas, as a result of its suitability for the traditional intensive Roman farming methods. Today, some of the best examples of Roman villas in Britain, including Chedworth villa and Woodchester villa, both famous for their Roman mosaics, are not far from Glevum.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records a King Coinmail (according to the original A-text), who may have come from Gloucester, taking part in the Battle of Dyrham in 577, when the city was conquered by the Anglo-Saxons.
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Colonia
In AD 97, the city was designated a colonia by the Emperor Nerva. A colonia was the residence of retired legionaries and enjoyed the highest status of city in the Roman Empire. The legionaries were given farmland in the surrounding district, and could be called upon as a Roman auxiliary armed force.
On the outskirts of Gloucester, archaeologists have discovered evidence of a mint producing counterfeit coins. This would confirm a mint in Gloucester.
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Decline
Excavations at Gloucester's New Market Hall in the 1960s showed that Romano-British occupation of the town may have continued in some form into the sub-Roman period, even if the town's population may have been greatly reduced. A new portal in the town's wall was built at the beginning of the sixth century, showing a modest growth of the town after the Battle of Mons Badonicus in 497.
Remains
External links
Categories: History Of Gloucestershire, Roman Sites In Gloucestershire, Roman Towns And Cities In England, Populated Places Established In The 1st Century, History Of Gloucester, 40s Establishments In The Roman Empire, 1st-century Establishments In Roman Britain, Roman Legionary Fortresses In England, Roman Fortifications In England, Coloniae
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